Proof-testing machine.



T. OLSEN. PROOF TESTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. I4, I913- Patented J 11116 1, 1915 4 SHEETS-SHEETlmmzz. f

@l II lIlIl IIIIII T. OLSEN.

PROOF TESTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. I4, 1913.

Patented June 1, 1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

m m mwmmmmummmmmmmmwmmwmwmmwmwmm mmmmmm ummmnm mwmmmwwmmm mmuwmmmlmmmmmm wmmmmmwmmmm mmmmm n m. nu w W m T Q m Wm w r I 0 .7? A 6: u um m n m m u. I Tw T. OLSEN.

PROOF TESTING MACHINE. MPLICATION FILED JAN-14,1913- l 1 4 1 ,22Patented June 1, 1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3- Tm Qzsew 59' 11.5 fi wwf m T. OLSEN.

PROOF TESTING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 14, 1913.

1,1141,822, Patented June 1, 1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

. qjis w TINIUS OLSEN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR T0 TINIUSOLSEN TESTING MACHINE COMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPO-RATION OF PENNSYLVANIA,

PROOF-TESTING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June i, 1915.

Application filed January 14, 191a serial No. 741,981.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, TINIUS OLSEN, a citizen of the United States,residing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certainImprovements in Proof-Testing Machines, of which the following is aspecification.

One object of this invention is to provide a novel machine for applyingto a body such as a chain or any other structure under test, apredetermined stress less than the breaking strength of said bodyorstructure, the arrangement of parts being such that successive lengthsof the object or structure under test may be quickly and convenientlyoperated on.

Another object of my invention is to providea machine which after alength of material to be tested is properly positioned, shallautomatically apply a predetermined stress thereto and thereafter removesaid stress, the various parts being returned to such positions as willfit them to receive another test piece or body.

I further desire to provide a testing machine having the above notedcharacteristics with novel mechanism for applying a ten-- sile stress toa body to be tested and thereafter automatically removing said stress;the invention also contemplating a movable carriage or head, andmechanism for automatically reciprocating the same at regular intervals.I

Another object of my invention is to provide a testing machine whichshall include mechanism for reciprocating a carriage or head and adevice for automatically stopping movement of said head after a testbody or piece attached thereto has beenexposed to a predetermined stressor when the proof stress has been reached.

I also desire to provide a machine particularly designed for applying apredetermined stress or proof stress to successive lengths of chain, theparts of said machine being so arranged that it operates continuously,is provided with means for preventing injury under abnormal conditionsof operation, is simple as well as substantial in construction and notlikely to require any but a minimum of attention and repairs.

These objects and other advantageous ends I secure as hereinafter setforth, reference heinghad to the accompanying drawings, in whic vationFigures 1 and 2 together are a side elevation f a testing machineconstructed accordmg to my invention; Fig. 3 is a side elepartly insection and on an enlarged scale, illustratiizig certain of the detailsof the machine; ig. 4 is. an end elevation, partly in section; and Fig.5 is a side elevation partly in section illustrating a modified form ofmy invention.

In Figs. 1 to 4 of the above drawings, 1 represents an elongated hollowbed or base mounted on legs or other suitable supports having at one endan open" vertically extending frame 6 and at the opposite end twocolumns or brackets 7 and 8. At this latter end is mounted levermechanism for actuating the scale beam indicated at 9 which is mountedin the well, lmown manner on bracket 7. A link 10 connects this scalebeam with the long arm of the main lever 11 Whose short arm is connectedthrough a link 12 with a head or carriage 13. This latter has two pairsof wheels or rollers 14 operative on the top surface of the basestructure .1, which is longitudinally slotted to serve as adjustablebolt 17 mounted in the lower member of the base structure 1, the ends ofsaid strut being round and fitting into cup shaped depressions in saidbolt and in the lever-11. v

Mounted in hearings in the frame 6 is a drivin shaft 18 having splinedto it a movable c utch member 19 designed to co-act with either of twofixed clutch members 20 and 21of any suitable construction and respectively attached to or forming part of pulleys 22 and 23 driven inopposite directions by any suitable means. Said shaft 18 has keyed to ita pinion 62 meshing with a gear 63 whose hub is threaded for the'reception of a screw 64 guided in bearings on the frame and operativelyconnected to a second carriage 53 slidable on the-main frame 1 under theaction of said screw.

' Said gear is confined between one side of the frame and a bearing 65carried by the bottom frame member;-there being a hand wheel 66 fixed tothe hub of said gear wheel to permit of its revolution and theconsequent hand adjustment of the screw 64 and its carriage 53.

Both of the pulleys 22 and 23 areloosely mounted on the shaft 18 and thepulley 22 is fixed to an elongated sleeve 24 forming part of orconnected to a worm 25 meshing with a worm wheel 26 carried by a spindle27 supported by an arm 28 fixed to the frame 6. This worm wheel carriesa cam 29 so designed as to be capable of engaging two .rollers 30 and 31mounted on a longitudinally movable shifter bar 32 which has an arm 33engaging the movable clutch member 19. This bar is slidable inantifriction bearings on the frame 6 and its opposite ends are 'acted onby springs 34 and 35 carried in casings supported by said frame so as totend to move the bar to and hold it in a definite position in which theclutch member '19 is midway between and disengaged'from both clutchmembers 20 and 21. The roller 31 is carried by anal-m 31 pivoted to theshifter bar 32 so that it can have a vertical movement when engaged bythe cam 29.

The shifter bar has at its lower edge a projecting portion in the formof a plate 37 whose ends extend below the line of said edge to formlatch catches and whpse under side is inclined upwardly from its ends,as shown in Fig. 3. plate are two latches 39 and 40 respectively guidedin bearings 41 and 42 carried by an arm 43 projecting from one side ofthe frame 6. These latches I are respectively forced toward the shifterbar 32 by springs 44 and 45.

The latch 39 is connected through a rod 46, a bell crank lever 47, alink 48, a second bell crank lever 49 and a rod 50 with the long arm ofthe main lever 11; the arrangement of parts being such that when thisarm moves downwardly (as when the long arm of the scale beam 9 moves up)the latch 39 is withdrawn from engagement with the latch catch.

The second latch 40 is connected through a rod 54, and a bell cranklever to a bar 56, carrying an adjustable stop. 57 v and partlysupportedas well as acted on by'an arm 58 of the carriage 53. This latter isprovided with a post 59 shaped in the present instancefor the receptionof a chain link, although it is obvious that like the other carriage, itmay be rovided with other forms of holding or gripping devices withoutdeparting from this invention.

It will be understood that the scale beam 9 is graduated in any desiredmanner and is loaded with weights 60 to any predeter- Cooperating withthis mined extent, depending on the stress to be applied to the chain orother structure under test.

Assuming that the shifter bar 32 is in its mid position, the clutchmember 19 is disengaged from both of the clutch members.

.into engagement with the roll 30 and forces it with the shifter bar 32toward the right until the latch 39 finally drops behind the left handlatch catch under the action of its spring 4-4. When in this positionthe shifter .bar holds the clutch member 19 in engagement with theclutch member 20 so that power is transmitted to the shaft 18, and thepinion 62 on said shaft, together with the gear 63 are turned, causinglongitudinal movement of the screw 64 with the carriage 53 toward theleft.

It will be noted that after the cam 29 has disengaged the roller 30, theshifter bar remains in a position with the clutch ment bers 19 and 20 inengagement by reason of the locking action of the latch 39, and when thelink 48 is moved toward the right, this latch, through the bell cranklever. 49 and the rod 54, is withdrawn from engagement with the latchcatching portion or plate 37, so that under the action of the spring 34the shifter bar with the clutch member 19 is moved to its mid position.Rotation of the shaft 18 and hence of the screw 64 is thus stopped, asis also movement of the carriage 53. The: continued rotation of the worm25 and worm wheel 26 finally causes the cam 29 to come into engagementwith the roller 31, forcing it with the shifter bar 32 to the left, thuscouplingthe clutch members 19 and 21 and causing the shaft, 18 to bedrivenby power from the pulley 23 in a direction opposite to thathitherto noted. The screw 64, through the pinion 62 and gear 63, isthus-moved to the right, as soon as the clutch members 19 and 21 arecoupled,

and such movement is continued by reason such an extent that the latch40 is with- .drawn from engagement with the latch catch 37 whereupon theforward movement of said carriage 1s stopped since the spring 35restores the shifter bar to its mid position and thereafter disengagesthe clutch members 19 and 21. As the worm Wheel 26 and cam 29 continuetheir revolution, said cam engages the roller 30, moving the shifter barfrom its mid position to the .is fulcrumed on the main frame 1, andunder certain predetermined abnormal conditions, it may be engaged bythe second carriage 53, in such a manner as to cause the latch 39 to bedisengaged from the latchcatch 37, with the results previously noted.

From the above it will be seen that carriage 53 is continuously movedtoward and from the carriage 13,,although there is a temporary cessationof its movement at the two extremes of its stroke. When it is desired toapply predetermined stress to .a chain for example, the pulleys 22 and23 are driven as previously noted and after the carriage 53 has beenmoved to its position nearest the carriage 13, a chain is applied to thetwo posts 15 and 59, the scale beam 9 having been previously weighted toa predetermined extent.

As the machine goes through its cycle of operations, the carriage 53 ismoved away from the carriage 13 by the action of the screw 64 and whenthe stress on said chain has reached the predetermined amount, the longarm of the scale beam 9 is raised against the action of the weights and60*, thus permitting the long arm of the main lever 11 to movedownwardly. Such downward movement is transmitted through the rod 50,bell crank lever 49, link 48, lever 47 and rod 46 to the latch 39, whichis thus disengaged from the plate 37, whereupon the clutch members 19and 20 are disconnected as heretofore described. It will be noted fromthe above description that as soon as the predetermined stress wasapplied to the chain or body under test, there was no furstress exertedupon the carriages 53 and 13 so that the chain or other body under testis not exposed to any greater stress than that which it was desired toapply. Thereafter, the continued revolution of the cam 29 shortly bringsthe clutch members 19 and 21 into engagement and by thus causing thescrew 64 to be moved to the right, slides the carriage 53 toward thecarriage 13, thus per mitting the tested length of chain to bedisengaged from the posts 15 and 59. Another length of chain may then beimmediately applied to said posts, which are again moved apart aspreviously described in order to apply the test or proof stress to thesame.

Should the chain fall under test, the carriage 53 would be stopped inits movement toward'the left by being brought into en. gagement with thelever 52 as above described. The apparatus thus automatically operatesto apply and remove only the stress which has been predetermined by theloading ofthe scale beam, it being merely necessary that the operatorshould apply to and remove from the posts 15 and 59, the lengths ofmaterial under test.

It is to be understood that forms of mechanism other than thatheretofore described may be employed for applying and removing as wellas controlling a proof stress and I have illustrated one such possibleform of mechanism in Fig. 5, in which the head or carriage 53* isconnected to hydraulic apparatus whereby the predetermined stress isapplied to the chain or other body to be tested. In this figure thecarriage 53 is attached to the cross head and connected by tie rods 71to a second cross head 72. The frame of the machine supports a structurehaving two cylinders 73 and 74 of which the first coiiperates with aplunger 75 connected to the cross-head 70 While the second coiiperateswith a plunger 76 connected to the cross head 72. Two valves 77and 78for controlling the flow of motive fluid toward and from the twocylinders 73 and 74 are operatively connected to two arms of a .lever 79whose third arm is attached to the shifter bar 32. As heretoforedescribed, this barcarries two rollers or projecting structures 30 and31 to be alternately engaged by the rotary cam 29 which in this instanceis directly driven from a pulley 80 continuously actuated from a belt 81or from any other source of power. In this case the engagement of thetwo latches 39 and 40 with the shifter bar 32 is controlled by twoelectro-magnets 82 and 83. The first of these is connected in circuitwith an electric switch one of whose members 84 is mounted on the frameof the machine in such position as to be engaged by a second switchmember 85 carried bythe long arm of the lever 11 when the end of saidarm moves downwardly and the long arm of the scale beam 9 moves up. Thissecond switch member 85 is grounded on the frame of the machine as isalso one terminal of a battery or other source 86 of electric current.The second terminal of this battery is connected to both of the magnets82 and 83 and the second terminal of the latter of said magnets isconnected to a spring contact 87 mounted on but insulated from the frameof the machine and in such position that it is engaged by a groundedcontact 88 on the cross head 72 when this, with its plunger 76, is inthe extreme right hand position. In this case I have shown the chainreceiving post 15 as mounted on a supplementary head or carriage 13* andconnected by a link 90 with the carriage 13, which as before describedis in t rn attached to the short arm of the le e .11; 4

With this arrangement of parts the revolution of the cam 29 by thepulley 80 as before causes a reciprocation of the shifter bar 32, andwhen this is in the extreme right hand position shown, the valve 7 8supplies motive fluid to the cylinder 74:. A length l of chain Xconnecting the two posts-15 and 59 is thereafter subjected to stresssince the carriage 53 is moved to the left, by reason of the-plungerbeing forced out of its cylinder 74. Such stress continues until thelong arm of the scale beam 9 is raised, at the moment that the appliedstress reaches the desired predetermined amount, for the long arm of thelever 11 moves down when the scale beam moves up and closes the switch8'-1-85, thus energizingthe electromagnet 82 and withdrawing the latch39. The shifter bar is thereupon immediately returned to its midposition with both of the valves 77 and 7 8 closed so that no additionalmotive fluid can pass to thecylinder 74 and no further stress is appliedto the body under test.

The continued revolution of the cam 29 thereafter causes the shifter bar32 to be moved from its mid position to the extreme left, thus supplyingmotive fluid to the cylinder 73 and permitting that in the cylinder 7ato escape. As a result, the plunger 75 is forced toward the right, thusmoving the carriage 53 toward the carriage 13 and permitting the removalof the tested length of chain as Well as the application of a new lengthof chain to the posts 15 and 59. The movement to the rightof the plunger75 with the cross heads 70 and 72 continues until the contact 88 engagesthe contact 87 whereupon the latch 4L0 is withdrawn from engagement withthe shifter bar, which is again returned to its mid position asheretofore described. The cam 29, by again engaging the roller 30, willthereaftermove the shifter bar 32 to the extreme right, bringing thevalves into the positions shownin Fig. 6 and causing movement of thecarriage 53* to the left. In any case, it will be noted that theapplication of stress is automatically stopped by theiweighing system ofthe apparatus when the proof load is reached and one of the heads orcarriages is thereafter automatically returned to its position nearestthe other carriage so as to permit of the removal of the tested body andthe subsequent application of another body to be tested, whereupon it isagain actuated to apply the predetermined proof load.

If for any reason the latch 39 should not be withdrawn from the latchcatch 37 before the cam 29 engages the roller 31, the plate or bar 31would be turned on its pivot by such engagement of the parts and saidroller would be moved down sufliciently to force the'latch 39 free fromsaid latch catch. The

shifter bar is thus unlocked and moved as before described Withoutinjury to the ma-. chine.

I claim 1-- 1. The combination in a testing machine oftwo members forengaging a body to be tested; loaded lever mechanism connected to one ofsaid members; power actuated stressing mechanism operative on the othermember; with means connecting said two sets of mechanism and including adevice for causing the latter mechanism to apply to the body under test,a stress less than its breaking strength and thereafter automaticallyremove the same.

2. The combination in a testing machine of members for engaging a bodyto be tested; loaded lever mechanism connected to one of said members;means for automatically reciprocating the other member; and a deviceconnecting said means with the lever mechanism for rendering thereciprocating means in operative when the stress on the body engagedthereby has reached a predetermined point less than its breakingstrength.

3. The combination in a testing machine of two members for engaging abody to be tested; power actuated'means for moving one of said memberstoward and from the other; loaded lever mechanism operative on the otherof said members; and means connected with the lever mechanism forautomatically stopping the stressing action of the means for moving thefirst member when a predetermined stress has been applied to thebodyunder test.

4. The combination in a testing machine of two members for engaging abody to be tested; power actuated means for moving one of said membersrelatively to the other to apply a tensile stress to said body; a devicefor measuring the stress applied; and means controlled by said devicefor automatically cutting off the moving power from said member when thebody has been subjected to a predetermined stress less than'its ultimatetensile strength.

5. The combination in a testing machine of two members for engaging abody to be tested; mechanism for automaticallyreciprocating one of saidmembers through a predetermined path to apply a tensile stress to a bodyunder. stress; and means controlled by said device for automaticallystopping movement of said member before it has completed its possiblepath of movement in order to limit thestress applied to the body undertest.

6. The combination in a testing machine of two members for engaging abody to be tested; mechanism for automatically reciprocating one of saidmembers through a predetermined path to apply stress to said body; loadcontrolling mechanism connected body to be tested;

nuances to the second member; and a device connected to said lattermechanism for automatically stopping movement of the first member beforeit has completed its possible path of movement.

7. The combination in a testing machine of a frame; two heads mountedthereon;

lever mechanism, including a scale beam, atp tached to one of saidheads;

power operated mechanism for moving the other head; and a devicecontrolled by the lever mechanism for stopping operation of said headmoving mechanism when a predetermined stress has been applied to a bodyengaged by said heads.

8. The combination in a testing machine of two heads having means forengaging a mechanism for continuously reciprocating one of said heads;and means controlled by said head for causing the reversal ofits-movement when it has reached a predetermined point.

9. The combination in a'testing machine of two heads having means forengaging a body to be tested; means for reciprocating one of said heads;and two devices for respectively causing reversal of the movement ofsaid head at the opposite ends of its stroke.

10. The combination in a testing machine of two heads; means forreciprocating one of said heads; two devices for respectively causingreversal of the movement of said head at the opposite ends of itsstroke; and lever mechanism connected to the other head operative on oneof said devices for causing v a temporary cessation of the movement ofthe first head when the structure engaged thereby has been subjected toa predetermined stress. I

11. The combination in a testing machine of two heads; a driving shaftconnected to one of the heads for reciprocating the same; members fordriving said shaft in either of two directions; continuously drivenmechanism for alternately connecting said members to the shaft; andmeans for automatically disconnecting the shaft from one of the drivingmembers when the stress applied to the body engaged by the heads reachesa predetermined amount less than its breaking strength. v v

12. The combination in a testing machine of two heads; a screw connectedto one of said heads; two members driven in opposite directions;clutches for connecting said shaft-to either of said members; a shifterbar for actuating said clutches; a continuously driven cam foralternately moving the I shifter bar in opposite directions; and meansoperative under predetermined conditions said means including a shifterbar; springs tending to move said bar to a predetermined neutralposition in which the head is disconnected from said reciprocatingmeans; a member for reciprocating said shifter bar; and loaded levermechanism connected to the second head for automatically causing movement of the shifter bar to its neutral position when a predeterminedstress has been applied to a body engaged by said heads.

14. The combination in a testing machine of twov heads; trolled by saidbar for reciprocating one of said heads; a'device for reciprocating theshifter bar through a predetermined path; a latch for holding said barat a definite point of its path of movement; and automatic means fortripping said latch when a predetermined stress has been applied to abodyengaged by said heads.

15. The combination in a testing machine of-two heads engaging a body tobe tested; a shifter bar; means controlled by said shifter bar forreciprocating one of the heads; a device for reciprocatingthe shifterbar; two latches for temporarily holding the bar at definite points ofits path of movement; a device controlled by said latter head fortripping one of said latches when the head has moved a predetermineddistance in one direction; and a second devite for tripping the otherlatchwhen a predeter- Witnesses;

WILLIAM E. BRADLEY, WM. A. BARR.

a shifter bar; means con-

